Retraction and Withdrawal

Retraction

• An article may be retracted if it is found to contain significant errors, fabricated or falsified data, plagiarism, or any unethical research practices after publication.

• Retraction decisions are made by the editorial board in consultation with the publisher (Nahir Al Kutub Indonesia) and, when necessary, with the authors’ institutions.

• A retraction notice will be published in the journal, clearly identifying the retracted article and the reasons for retraction. The original article will remain accessible but will be clearly marked as retracted.

Withdrawal

• Authors may withdraw a manuscript prior to publication if valid reasons exist, such as significant errors discovered by the authors or ethical concerns.

• Requests for withdrawal must be submitted in writing to the editor-in-chief with a clear explanation of the reason.

• Once a manuscript is under final editorial or production process, withdrawal may not be permitted unless serious ethical or legal issues arise.

• Withdrawals are documented in the journal records to maintain transparency and integrity in the publication process.